"When Louisville Police Detective William Mayo pulled over a motorist last year for improperly wearing his seat belt and the driver refused to consent to a search of his van, Mayo had this to say: "There are two types of people" who refuse to consent, Mayo told the driver, "people who are just assholes and people who have something to hide." Miguel A. Ballard Jr. eventually agreed to have his van searched, and police found a handgun inside. But Jefferson Circuit Judge Annie O'Connell threw out that